SELECT PROPER PIPE FITTINGS GO TO

"F" is a correction Factor on the square of number of diplacers. Example, Centrifugals are intrinsically good - have a high F, Sandwich diaphragm metering pumps have a low F.

N: N Squared, N Exponent 2, means multiply the Number of displacers by that same number.
Example N2 : 1 Diaphragm head 1x1=1. 11 Blades 11x11=121, 2 Lobes 2x2=4, 3 Plungers 3X3=9
"%age figure" : 0.5% allowable residual fluctuation - use the figure 0.5 in the equation, for a residual fluctuation of say + & - 3%, 3 positive plus 3 negative = 6 - use 6 in the equation, +/- 5% total 10, use the figure 10.

R = Range Factor a multiplier applied to damper volume and is generated by the minimum pressure of which damping is to begin; to the max pressure of which damping to a specific smoothness level is to occur. A damper is to begin damping at 100 and to provide the specified smoothness even at 1000; will have a range factor of 1:10, and therefore be 10 times larger than a damper for the same system but only to work at 1000.

e = On the tabulations of dampers with no moving parts there is an 'e' column. This 'e' column is an equivalency of a hydronumetric moving parts damper; therefore, when a damper is selected by the above formula, AND YOU WISH A NON MOVING PARTS DAMPER TO PROVIDE VOLUMETRIC DAMPING AS WELL AS ITS NORMAL JOB OF PRESSURE WAY INTERCEPTION, YOU SELECT THE DAMPER WHICH HAS AN 'E' NUMBER OF THE CUBIC INCHES CALCULATED OF THE FORMULA.

EXPERTS ONLY
A diaphragm gas bag, bladder or sleeve, "a membrane", will move up to 15 times per second. 15Hz. When it is hidden from system fluctuations by being "Td" off the line. All the above applications require an in the line, flow through, multiconnection, and in and out port, damper. A flow through damper also intercepts pressure waves, which typically travel at 3500mph. For all those applications below a 15 Hz. frequency, flow through enable: Flush in place before system service. Constant temperature by first in first out. No sedimentation and intercepts the pressure disturbances with make meters and instruments inaccurate.
FOR THESE REASONS, INVENTORY - LOWEST COST DAMPERS - HAVE 2 CONNECTIONS.
For those who do not want the advantages of FLOW THROUGH, save buying a T for drain, RV, or gauge. Use the extra connection for that, and still buy the lease expensive - the flow through damper.